Classical Conditioning and Monkey - 5152 Words

Outline and evaluate the learning theory of attachment (12 marks) A GRADE (outline) The learning theory of attachment focuses of two concepts; operant and classical conditioning. Classical conditioning as an explanation for attachment describes the baby receiving food (and unconditioned stimulus) and producing an unconditioned response (happiness) and the mother feeding the baby will be the neutral stimulus. The baby will then experience the mother giving them food (and therefore happiness) a number of times and then learn to associate the mother (now a conditioned stimulus) with the feeling of happiness (a conditioned response) and thus an attachment will form. Operant conditioning describes attachment as a reinforced response. When a†¦show more content†¦However, the monkey study was conducted on monkeys and it could be argued that this is not an accurate representation of human attachment. Humans are a lot more complex than animals and so therefore research on animals to study behaviour cannot be applied to human behaviour. Outline and evaluate the learning theory of attachment (12 marks) A GRADE (outline) The learning theory of attachment focuses of two concepts; operant and classical conditioning. Classical conditioning as an explanation for attachment describes the baby receiving food (and unconditioned stimulus) and producing an unconditioned response (happiness) and the mother feeding the baby will be the neutral stimulus. The baby will then experience the mother giving them food (and therefore happiness) a number of times and then learn to associate the mother (now a conditioned stimulus) with the feeling of happiness (a conditioned response) and thus an attachment will form. Operant conditioning describes attachment as a reinforced response. When a baby gets food it s discomfort will become happiness and the baby will associate this feeling with food and therefore food will become the primary reinforcer. The person feeding the baby will also be associated with the happiness and therefore become the secondary reinforcer and an attachment will form. (evaluate) Even though the learning theory of attachment provides an adequate explanation of attachment it is flawed. Research evidence,Show MoreRelatedLimitations to classic conditioning as a theory788 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Limitations to classic conditioning as a theory Harry Harlows Rhesus Monkey is a experiment that took place in the 1950s were he tested classical conditioning as a theory. He separated infant monkeys from their mothers a few hours after birth, then arranged for the young animals to be raised by two kinds of surrogate monkey mother machines, both equipped to dispense milk. One mother was made out of bare wire mesh. The other was a wire mother covered with soft terry cloth. Harlow’s first observationRead MoreWhat Makes People Anxious Or Fearful?1168 Words   |  5 Pageslook up different articles about classical conditioning. I found an article about anxiety in relation to classic conditioning. This sparked my interest, as I read through the article thinking about my own test anxiety and what I could do to train myself to be less anxious. The Conditioning Models of Anxiety, article, looks where comes from anxiety according to different psychologists and how it can be conditioned through classical conditioning. â€Å"Classic conditioning is a process in which a stimulusRead MoreBehaviorism, Operant And Classical Conditioning1309 Words   |  6 Pagesproposals of John B. Watson, who coined the name. There are a couple of main components within behaviorism, operant and classical conditioning. Operant conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response. B.F Skinner the more radical behaviorist coined the operant conditioning theory. He believed that through series of reinforcement a behavior will increase or a series of punishment a behaviorRead MoreThe Debate Of Nature Vs Nurture1445 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment. To do this we can make reference to the case of Genie who suffered severe neglect as a child. Behaviourism was first introduced by John Watson who opposed the naturists and took the view that the mind is there to be manipulated through conditioning methods and so attachments are learned. However there are theories and studies which counter the argument. The evolutionary theory of attachment was developed by John Bowlby a psychoanalyst. Bowlby s theories lay in the nature side of the debateRead MoreThe Theories Of Child Development1209 Words à ‚  |  5 Pageslater cognitive development. Behaviourists explain behaviour in terms of the stimuli that elicit it and the events that caused the person to learn to respond to the stimulus that way. Operant conditioning and classical conditioning are the two processes that describe how people learn. In classical conditioning, before attachment is learned, the infant gains pleasure through being fed. Food is the unconditioned stimulus and pleasure is the unconditioned response. The infant thinks the person providingRead MorePsychology : The Nurture Theory And The Nature Theory1498 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will discuss two theories in developmental psychology: The nurture theory and the nature theory. The nurture theory, known as the behaviourism theory, tells us that babies learn all of their behaviours and that attachment is a result of conditioning. We will look at two types of learning and evaluate the nurture theory using research. In contrast, the nature theory is an evolutionary theory of Bowlby (1988) which stat es that babies are born with a survival instinct to use social releases toRead More1 Define in Your Own Word’s : Attachment and Imprinting1428 Words   |  6 Pages The study of animal behaviour can lead to a deeper and broader understanding of human psychology. Research on animal behaviour has led to numerous discoveries about human behaviour, such as Ivan Pavlovs research on classical conditioning or Harry Harlows work with rhesus monkeys. Many psychologists studied animals to gain an insight into human development so they could understand human behaviour without studying humans for moral and ethical reasons . This would also restrict the type of researchRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning And Behaviorism753 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiment of how dog salivate before and after conditioning. His fundamental study was based on digestion and behaviors that are evoked during an event and an anticipate response. Yet, his experiment awoke the twentieth century by a different type of learning called Classical conditioning, which is a compulsory or unconditional type of learning from one stimulus to another through a response. The master of classical conditioning and behaviorism For many centuries ago, variousRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay712 Words   |  3 Pagesand Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behaviorist perspective are classical and operant conditioning and are two important concepts to psychology. The processes are different but they both result in learning. Classical conditioning theory involves learning a new behaviour through the process of association. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) discovered the concept of classical conditioning whilst investigating the salivation reflex of dogs. Pavlov famous experiment (1927) with theRead MoreClassical Conditioning And How It May Help Explain Different1260 Words   |  6 Pages Classical conditioning and how it may help explain different Phobia Ying Xi Lion Chandler-Gilbert community college Abstract This paper contains information on classical conditioning and explores

Medicaid Fraud - 1530 Words

Medicaid Fraud HCS/545 July 9, 2012 Medicaid fraud comes in many forms. A provider who bills Medicaid for services that he or she does not provide is committing fraud. Overstating the level of care provided to patients and altering patient records to conceal the deception is fraud. Recipients also commit fraud by failing to report or misrepresenting income, household members, residence, or private health insurance. Facilities have also been known to commit Medicaid fraud through false billing. The Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse statute provides that an individual who knowingly and willfully offers, pays, solicits, or receives any remuneration in exchange for referring an individual for the furnishing of any item or service†¦show more content†¦To compensate for such fraud, states must either raise taxes or decrease services in other areas. Those who most need Medicaid services may not be able to obtain benefits because resources are not available. For patients, Medicaid fraud could mean tampering with t heir medical records, which could put their health at risk. People can get hurt when doctors or other providers give less or more care than needed just to make more money. Also the public is more skeptical about social service programs as more incidents of Medicaid fraud occur every day. Providers and facilities who commit Medicaid fraud can face penalties from state and federal governments. Federal or state authorities may investigate allegations of fraud depending on where the fraud was reported, the laws broken, and the amount of money involved. The strictness of penalties levied by state governments varies from state to state. Federal laws such as The False Claims Act, Anti-Kickback Statute, and Social Security Act are laws that address fraud and abuse. Title XI of the Social Security Act contains Medicaid program-related anti-fraud provisions, which impose civil penalties, criminal penalties, and exclusions from federal health care programs on persons who engage in certain types of misconduct (Staman, 2010). Under federal regulations, providers convicted of fraud are excluded for a minimum of five years from receiving funds from any federallyShow MoreRelatedStatistics Of Medicaid Fraud That Will Shock You1285 Words   |  6 PagesStatistics of Medicaid Fraud That Will Shock You 1. In May of 2014, some 107 healthcare providers including doctors and nurses were arrested in several cities. These ones were charged with cheating the programs out of some $452 million in funds. 2. In 2010 federal officials arrested some 94 people who had filed false claims through Medicare and Medicaid, for a total of $251 million in fraudulent claims. 3. The Medicare Fraud Strike Force was formed by federal officials in 2007. The group visitedRead MoreThe Senate Committee On Health And Human Services1493 Words   |  6 Pagesdrug abuse in Texas. Also, Charge VII: to monitor the implementation of laws addressed by the committee and make recommendations for improvement of any legislation in the sectors of Medicaid long-term care, Dental Board Reforms, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, fraud, waste and abuse reductions of Medicaid and other health and human services programs in Texas (Governor, 2014). Other duties include Charge II: monitoring the implementation of programs to improve mental health and substanceRead MoreThe Impact Of Data Mining On The Healthcare Industry1451 Words   |  6 PagesData mining is used in various forms by different agencies. Detecting fraud and abuse is one of the benefits of the use of data mining. The healthcare industry is big and one of the biggest payers is CMS. However, detecting frau d and abuse in healthcare claims is crucial because billions of money is being wasted in unnecessary care. Data mining is defined as the process of data selection and studying and building models using massive data stores to disclose previously unidentified patterns in databasesRead MoreGovernment Policies Affecting Healthcare Costs1697 Words   |  7 Pagespoor quality of care (Geyman, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the costs of healthcare. Government Policies Affecting Healthcare Costs The federal government pays for more than half of the healthcare costs through Medicare and Medicaid funding (Weeks, 2012). Therefore, a recent healthcare policy affecting healthcare costs is the Affordable Care Act also known as Obamacare. The Affordable Care Act is a law that requires health insurance reform, which alters the way Americans areRead MoreInformation Driven Technique For Extortion943 Words   |  4 Pagesanomaly discovery are recommended as compelling indicators for extortion. In view of a multi-dimensional information model produced for Medicaid claim information, particular measurements for dental suppliers were created and assessed in investigative examinations utilizing exception identification connected to claim, supplier, and patient information in a state Medicaid program. The proposed strategy empowered effective recognizable proof of fake action, with 12 of the main 17 suspicious suppliers (71%)Read MoreAn Over View of the Affordable Care Act1319 Words    |  5 Pagesprovisions that will monitor and crack down on fraud; Medicaid and Medicare will be reformed to include measures against fraud and abuse to eliminate unnecessary cost to the system. The Department of Health and Human Services predicts this reform will reduce spending by $7 billion over 10 years (Orszag, Emanuel). The expansion of bundling payments in order to pay a flat rate for an episode rather than billing separate for each service, increase Medicaid payments to primary care doctors; open enrollmentRead MoreThe Stark Law Essays1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stark Law Some federal statutes address fraud in government health care programs, and many of these laws vary considerably (Krause 2004). Some of these laws specifically target health care fraud. Example of the laws that the government direct at inappropriate health care activities includes the â€Å"Medicare and Medicaid Anti-Kickback Statute and Ethics in Patient Referrals Act (EPRA).† In 1989, Congress enacted the Ethics in Patient Referrals Act. Commonly known as Stark law, Congress namedRead MoreHealth Care Fraud Essay1823 Words   |  8 Pageshave been presented in previous chapters, they are worth presenting again. ï‚ § What are the major federal laws and policies related to health care fraud? ï‚ § How have these laws and policies been used to control fraud, waste, and abuse in federal health care programs? †¢ What are the impacts of these laws and policies on the war against health care fraud? To address the questions comprehensively, the researcher conducted a historical research that blended the research elements of documentary researchRead MoreThe War On Controlling Fraud And Abuse Essay2014 Words   |  9 Pages The War on Controlling Fraud and Abuse in the Current U.S. Healthcare System Introduction: Healthcare fraud and abuse has become a major issue for the United States healthcare system and affect many the citizens. The National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association (NHCAA) estimates that the financial losses due to health care fraud are in the tens of billions of dollars each year. In 2011, $2.27 trillion was spent on health care and more than four billion health insurance claims were processedRead MoreWhite House Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesdesigned to make sure that consumers and their doctors, were in charge of their health care rather than insurance companies. The changes made in Health Care Reform laws by subsequent legislation implemented significant changes that reduced insurance fraud and protected the rights of the consumer. The Health Care Reform laws also provided world renowned benefits through health insurance marketplace’s so that business could compete to win the insurer s business. This article will attemp t to address

Review Of Lterature Essay Example For Students

Review Of Lterature Essay Part I: Introduction and Chapter 1 Introduction Dostoevsky introduces Part I of Notes from Underground. He tell us that in this first portion, the protagonist will introduce himself and explain the causes that led to his appearance before us in this text. He then explains that the subseque nt extract, Apropos of the Wet Snow, will record the protagonists own notes. Summary The Underground Man starts off by telling us that he has liver disease, but refuses to go to a doctor out of spite. He realizes that he hurts only himself by doing this, but even so he remains obstinately opposed to seeking proper medical attention. He tells us that he is now forty years old, a former civil servant, rude and bitter. He then immediately retracts his statement, saying he was actually not rude at all. He scoffs at us, the readers of his Notes, insisting that he does not care what w e think of him. The Underground Man goes on to explain why he became spiteful, saying that only fools go far in this world, and intelligent men like himself face failure inevitably. After assuring us that he is not writing for our amusement, he describes his current mis erable situation. He lives in his corner, where he has bunkered down since quitting the Civil Service upon receiving a large inheritance from a wealthy relative. He has a gruesome dim room with a maidservant he despises. The St. Petersburg weather ag gravates his health, but he does not careit makes no difference to him whether he stays or goes. Finally, he invites himself to tell us more about himself, as any decent gentlemen likes to do. Commentary The Underground Mans spiteful refusal to see a doctor resounds throughout the text. The terms nihilistic and masochistic have often been applied to the Underground Man (heretofore referred to as the UM). Nihilism is a repudiation of societal values, and masochism is the deliberate infliction of pain on oneself, usually for pleasure. The UMs hatred of society in general and his own powerlessness somehow combine to make it pleasurable for him to hurt himself , perhaps since he cannot harm soc iety as a wholehis helpless resentment of the external world leads him to attack himself, to shake up his inner world. The UM does not invariably turn against himself, however: we will also see him transfer this humiliation and shame onto others, play ing the role of humiliated and humiliateSt. Petersburg is also introduced in this chapter; although it may not be mentioned that much from here on in, it is important to view the city as a central character in the text (see the section on St. Petersburg for a discussion of the setting). The UMs self-consciousness, his constant analysis and revision of his own thoughts and words, is one of the most distinctive elements of the Notes. The UM is very aware, not only of our presence as readers (he constantly addresses us), but of our presence as judges. Thus, we must question the UMs sincerity every time he insists that he is not here for our amusement, or that he doesnt give a damn. The alienation that the UM feels is central to many of Dostoevskys most famous characters, and is not an indication of insanity so much as a failure to deal with the impossibility of life in St. Petersburg. It is telling that the UM, like many of Dostoe vskys other characters, is a low-ranking Civil Servant. Dostoevsky says that in the nineteenth century, one must be a characterless person, with a joblike the UMsthat erases ones individuality and identity. .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 , .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 .postImageUrl , .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 , .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2:hover , .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2:visited , .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2:active { border:0!important; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2:active , .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2 .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4950dd4e1d91849279f87209f2ef6a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Caribbean Sea Is Geologically Separate From The North And South Am EssaySociology Essays

To Kill A Mockingbird Man Versus Society Essays -

To Kill A Mockingbird: Man Versus Society There Are Five Literary Conflicts In literature, Man Versus Man, Man Versus Nature, Man Versus The Supernatural, Man Versus Society, Man Versus Himself. There Is A New Literary conflict in literature, It's Man Versus Technology, Therefore, Known As the conflict on the 20'th century. A symbolic meaning of this conflict is franticness. Literature, is a type of communication. Poetry is written In lines, standers, and prose., Otherwise wish The Separate Piece was written with sentences and paragraphs. To Kill A Mockingbird Is 'Man Versus Society'. It Was Written by a fourteen year old girl, in the south during the 1930's. The story is a flashback when she was six to nine years old. This is a mini-novel by the author Harper Lee. The story took place in the very deep part of the south during the 1930's when the country was in a ecomincal depression in a town called Maycomb. This novel was written in the first person, therefore we know that the narrator is a character in the story. This story is a flashback that covered around three years. He father Atticus that treat her as an invitingly. In the south the tradition and society is more important which is the individual is more important! He makes them learn everything by themselves, Therefore she tells us how she is getting educated. Jim was a very active boy, He has manners. He was the son of atticus. Scott was the daughter and narrator of Atticus. Atticus was a well known man. He was brave because he shot the dog. He was a lawyer. Calpurnia was the housekeeper of atticus, always helping out the kids when they needed them. Boo Radley was given a monster image by the kids. He is one of the true mocking birds in this story. He said Scott at the end. Tom Robinson, He was another Mockingbird. He used to help out people. He felt pity for a white woman. He was charged for rape -- That he never committed. Mr. Slady, She was a Old woman that was trying to 'Kick' The habit. that's why she died. There are four types of classes known at this time in the south. Blacks, Calpurnia And Tom Robinson. White Trash, Ewells. Poor Whites, The Cunninghams. And The Average Southern,Atticus and its neighbors. Education separate every. The average are the only to go to High School, College. At this time there where three myths known that separated the blacks. 1. Blacks where like little children and had to be taken care of them. - Inferior 2. Blacks, Had sexually intimate to rape a white woman. They had to be kept in a place. 3. White women where treated as goddesses. The lessons learn in the south, where Things never change. To Kill A Mockingbird Man Versus Society Essays - To Kill A Mockingbird: Man Versus Society There Are Five Literary Conflicts In literature, Man Versus Man, Man Versus Nature, Man Versus The Supernatural, Man Versus Society, Man Versus Himself. There Is A New Literary conflict in literature, It's Man Versus Technology, Therefore, Known As the conflict on the 20'th century. A symbolic meaning of this conflict is franticness. Literature, is a type of communication. Poetry is written In lines, standers, and prose., Otherwise wish The Separate Piece was written with sentences and paragraphs. To Kill A Mockingbird Is 'Man Versus Society'. It Was Written by a fourteen year old girl, in the south during the 1930's. The story is a flashback when she was six to nine years old. This is a mini-novel by the author Harper Lee. The story took place in the very deep part of the south during the 1930's when the country was in a ecomincal depression in a town called Maycomb. This novel was written in the first person, therefore we know that the narrator is a character in the story. This story is a flashback that covered around three years. He father Atticus that treat her as an invitingly. In the south the tradition and society is more important which is the individual is more important! He makes them learn everything by themselves, Therefore she tells us how she is getting educated. Jim was a very active boy, He has manners. He was the son of atticus. Scott was the daughter and narrator of Atticus. Atticus was a well known man. He was brave because he shot the dog. He was a lawyer. Calpurnia was the housekeeper of atticus, always helping out the kids when they needed them. Boo Radley was given a monster image by the kids. He is one of the true mocking birds in this story. He said Scott at the end. Tom Robinson, He was another Mockingbird. He used to help out people. He felt pity for a white woman. He was charged for rape -- That he never committed. Mr. Slady, She was a Old woman that was trying to 'Kick' The habit. that's why she died. There are four types of classes known at this time in the south. Blacks, Calpurnia And Tom Robinson. White Trash, Ewells. Poor Whites, The Cunninghams. And The Average Southern,Atticus and its neighbors. Education separate every. The average are the only to go to High School, College. At this time there where three myths known that separated the blacks. 1. Blacks where like little children and had to be taken care of them. - Inferior 2. Blacks, Had sexually intimate to rape a white woman. They had to be kept in a place. 3. White women where treated as goddesses. The lessons learn in the south, where Things never change.